Sistem Pendeteksi Gejala Awal Tantrum Pada Anak Autisme Melalui Ekspresi Wajah Dengan Convolutional Neural Network

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**Sistem Pendeteksi Gejala Awal Tantrum Pada Anak Autisme Melalui Ekspresi Wajah Dengan Convolutional Neural Network**

Tantrums are a common phenomenon in children, but for those with autism, they can be particularly challenging to manage. Early detection of tantrum symptoms in children with autism is crucial to provide timely interventions and support. Facial expressions are a vital aspect of nonverbal communication, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in detecting early signs of tantrums in children with autism.

### Background

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD often exhibit tantrums, which can be triggered by minor changes in routine, sensory overload, or frustration. Early detection of tantrum symptoms is essential to prevent escalation and provide effective interventions.

### Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of deep learning algorithm that has been successfully applied in various computer vision tasks, including facial expression recognition. CNNs are particularly effective in detecting subtle changes in facial expressions, making them an ideal choice for detecting early signs of tantrums in children with autism.

### System Design

The proposed system consists of the following components:

1. **Data Collection**: A dataset of facial expressions from children with autism, including those exhibiting tantrum symptoms, is collected. The dataset includes images of children's faces with different facial expressions, such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear.

2. **Data Preprocessing**: The collected data is preprocessed to enhance the quality and reduce noise. This includes resizing images, normalizing pixel values, and applying data augmentation techniques.

3. **Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)**: A CNN is trained on the preprocessed dataset to learn the patterns and features of facial expressions associated with tantrum symptoms. The CNN consists of multiple convolutional and pooling layers, followed by fully connected layers.

4. **Training and Evaluation**: The CNN is trained using a supervised learning approach, where the network is trained to classify facial expressions into different categories, including tantrum symptoms. The performance of the CNN is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall.

### Results

The proposed system achieved an accuracy of 91.27% in detecting tantrum symptoms in children with autism using facial expressions. The system was able to correctly classify 97.5% of the images as either tantrum symptoms or non-tantrum symptoms.

### Conclusion

The proposed system demonstrates the effectiveness of using CNNs in detecting early signs of tantrums in children with autism through facial expressions. The system has the potential to be used in real-time applications, such as mobile devices or wearable sensors, to provide early warnings of tantrum symptoms. This can enable parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to provide timely interventions and support, ultimately improving the quality of life for children with autism.

### Future Work

Future work includes expanding the dataset to include more diverse facial expressions and exploring the use of other deep learning architectures, such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) or long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Additionally, the system can be integrated with other sensors, such as heart rate or skin conductance sensors, to provide a more comprehensive understanding of tantrum symptoms in children with autism.

### References

[1] Dini Ramadhani Salsabila, Ratna Aisuwarya, M. Sistem Pendeteksi Gejala Awal Tantrum Pada Anak Autisme Melalui Ekspresi Wajah Dengan Convolutional Neural Network. Scholar UNAND.

[2] Real Time Face Expression Recognition of Children with Autism. ResearchGate.

[3] Early Warning Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder. CDC.

[4] Meltdown/Tantrum Detection System for Individuals with Autism. Tandfonline.

[5] Mobile Application to Identify and Recognize Emotions for Children with Autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.

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[7] Sistem Pendeteksi Gejala Awal Tantrum Pada Anak Autisme Melalui Ekspresi Wajah Dengan Convolutional Neural Network. ResearchGate.

[8] Compound Emotion Recognition of Autistic Children During Meltdown Crisis Based on Deep Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Facial Geometric Features. ResearchGate.

[9] 10 Early Warning Signs of Autism. Dr. Mary Barbera.

[10] Convolutional Neural Network for Stereotypical Motor Movement Detection in Autism. ResearchGate.

[11] A Comparative Study of Autistic Children Emotion Recognition Based on Spatio-Temporal and Deep Analysis of Facial Expressions Features During a Meltdown Crisis. ACM.

[12] Early Warning Signs of Autism. CHKD Medical Group.

Citations:

[1] [PDF] sistem pendeteksi gejala awal tantrum pada anak - Scholar UNAND http://scholar.unand.ac.id/95939/1/COVER%20DAN%20ABSTRAK.pdf

[2] Real Time Face Expression Recognition of Children with Autism https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310651141_Real_Time_Face_Expression_Recognition_of_Children_with_Autism

[3] [PDF] Early Warning Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder - CDC https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/autism/curriculum/documents/early-warning-signs-autism_508.pdf

[4] Meltdown/Tantrum Detection System for Individuals with Autism ... https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08839514.2021.1991115

[5] Mobile Application to identify and recognize emotions for children ... https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frcha.2023.1118665/full

[6] Tip Sheet for Recognising the Early Signs and Triggers of a Meltdown ... https://attwoodandgarnettevents.com/recognising-early-signs-of-a-meltdown-for-an-autistic-child-in-the-classroom/

[7] (PDF) Sistem Pendeteksi Gejala Awal Tantrum Pada Anak Autisme ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372161458_Sistem_Pendeteksi_Gejala_Awal_Tantrum_Pada_Anak_Autisme_Melalui_Ekspresi_Wajah_Dengan_Convolutional_Neural_Network

[8] Compound Emotion Recognition of Autistic Children During Meltdown ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340521636_Compound_Emotion_Recognition_of_Autistic_Children_During_Meltdown_Crisis_Based_on_Deep_Spatio-Temporal_Analysis_of_Facial_Geometric_Features

[9] 10 Early Warning Signs of Autism - Dr. Mary Barbera https://marybarbera.com/early-warning-signs-autism/

[10] (PDF) Convolutional Neural Network for Stereotypical Motor Movement ... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283517073_Convolutional_Neural_Network_for_Stereotypical_Motor_Movement_Detection_in_Autism

[11] A comparative study of Autistic Children Emotion recognition ... https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s11042-020-09451-y

[12] Early Warning Signs of Autism | Dr. Daniel Robinson | CHKD Blog https://www.chkd.org/blog/early-warning-signs-of-autism/

[13] Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Enhanced Convolutional ... https://www.itm-conferences.org/articles/itmconf/abs/2023/06/itmconf_icdsac2023_05018/itmconf_icdsac2023_05018.html

[14] Impaired detection of happy facial expressions in autism - PMC - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5645383/

[15] How Autistic Meltdowns Differ From Ordinary Temper Tantrums https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-an-autistic-meltdown-260154

[16] Meltdown/tantrum detection system for individuals with autism spectrum ... https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-50271-024

[17] Compound Emotion Recognition of Autistic Children During Meltdown ... https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6287639/8948470/09060825.pdf

[18] Autism Meltdowns: Causes, Signs, and Strategies for Support https://www.abtaba.com/blog/autism-meltdowns

[19] Deep Learning Based Recognition of Meltdown in Autistic Kids https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Deep-Learning-Based-Recognition-of-Meltdown-in-Kids-Patnam-George/83f12750f778b929991afad19c89fcddd47c60df

[20] Meltdowns: autistic children & teenagers | Raising Children Network https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/behaviour/common-concerns/meltdowns-autistic-children-teenagers